Boreal Hardwood Transition

Description: This region is characterized by coniferous and northern hardwood forests, nutrient-poor soils, and numerous clear lakes, bogs, and river flowage. All of the world’s Kirtland’s Warblers breed here, as do the majority of Golden-winged Warblers and Connecticut Warblers. Other important forest birds include the Black-billed Cuckoo, Veery, and Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Great Lakes coastal estuaries, river flowage, large shallow lakes, and natural wild rice lakes are used by many breeding and migrating water birds. Yellow Rail are among the important wetland species, and islands in the Great Lakes support large colonies of Caspian and Common Terns. Although breeding ducks are sparsely distributed, stable water conditions allow for consistent reproductive success. Wood Duck, Mallard, American Black Duck, Ring-necked Duck, and Common Goldeneye are common breeding species in this region. Threats to wetland habitat in this region include recreational development, cranberry operations, peat harvesting, and drainage.

Bird Conservation Plans:
Landbirds - Eastern Spruce-Hardwood Forest, BCR 12 in Ontario
Shorebirds - Upper Mississippi Valley/Great Lakes Region, Ontario Region
Waterbirds - Upper Mississippi Valley/Great Lakes Region
Waterfowl - UMR/GL JV Implementation Plan, Eastern Habitat JV (CN)

Joint Venture area: In U.S.:Upper Mississippi River/Great Lakes (UMR/GL JV)
Barbara Pardo, Joint Venture Coordinator
Paul Richert, Assistant Joint Venture Coordinator
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
One Federal Drive
Fort Snelling, MN 55111-4056

Joint Venture area: In Canada: Eastern Habitat
Reg Melanson, JV Coordinator
Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada
Env. Conservation Service - Atlantic Region
17 Waterfowl Lane
PO Box 6227
Sackville, NB E4L 1G6
Canada

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